Disclosing value creation in integrated reports according to the six capitals: a holistic approach for a holistic instrument

Purpose This study is an analysis that aims to understand the rationale behind concept of value creation contained in integrated reporting (IR) framework. As such, authors examined quality disclosures made reports by measuring level which six capitals (6Cs) have been into on creation. Design/methodology/approach The IR framework’s model focuses content elements and three guiding principles. Hence, present combines with quantitative measures form a bespoke Integrated Disclosure Index. index integration found instead mere presence or absence mentioned capitals, principles isolation. sample comprised 2016 integrated/sustainability for 184 listed companies sourced from Reporting Examples Database. Findings 6Cs are well disclosed but only partially substance. Further, overall levels between higher than average. Disclosures materiality, business models stakeholder relationships somewhat lacking, as related medium- long-term outlook. Practical implications paper contributes academic debate building case holistically assessing substance reports. Considering can underpin align 17 UN sustainable development goals, show how fundamental sustaining understood implemented differently across various Social research also provides guidance overcoming some practical hurdles associated because provide tools spotlighting over their form. Originality/value delves In contrast previous has mainly analysed capital, isolation, develop these concepts IR.